其他古籍（史類）
Other ancient works (histories)
Shiji 史记 · 256 BC · 周赧王五十九年
Introduction
Other works: the preliminary report on the Shenheyuan tomb at Chang'an, whose dated inscription of the fifty-ninth year ties it to this year.
Text and Translation
- §1 史记（一：本纪）Shiji I: Basic Annals
- §2 史记（二：表）Shiji II: Tables
- §3 史记（三：世家）Shiji III: Hereditary Houses
- §4 史记（四：列传）Shiji IV: Biographies
- §5 史记（五：列传）Shiji V: Biographies
- §6 无骨论点补充（以及辨析）一Ivar the Boneless' commentary and analysis I
- §7 无骨论点补充（以及辨析）二Ivar the Boneless' commentary and analysis II
- §8 其他古籍（史類）Other ancient works (histories)
- §9 史記：補：八書Shiji, supplement: the Eight Treatises
Text: Chinese source
Text: English Translation
Annotations
[§8] 其他古籍（史類）
[§8] Other ancient works (histories)
《陕西长安神禾原战国秦陵园大墓发掘简报》：【摘 要】2004～2008年发掘的神禾原战国秦陵大墓,为"亚"字形墓,位于陵园中心位置。大墓虽遭严重的盗扰、焚烧,仍出土精美器物数百件。根据大墓形制、随葬器物及其刻铭,并结合文献资料,推定墓主为战国晚期秦国夏太后。该墓的发掘为战国秦汉时期有关帝王陵墓形制、构筑、制度和文化等诸多方面研究提供了丰富的实物资料。
Preliminary report on the excavation of the great tomb of the Warring States Qin mausoleum precinct at Shenheyuan, Chang'an, Shaanxi: [Abstract] The great tomb of the Warring States Qin mausoleum at Shenheyuan, excavated in 2004–2008, is a tomb of 亚-shaped1 plan, situated at the centre of the mausoleum precinct. Although the tomb suffered severe looting and burning, several hundred fine objects were still recovered. On the basis of the tomb's form, the grave goods and their inscriptions, together with the written sources, the occupant is inferred to be Queen Dowager Xia of Qin, of the late Warring States period. The excavation of this tomb provides abundant material evidence for the study of many aspects of the form, construction, institutions and culture of royal mausolea in the Warring States, Qin and Han periods.
大墓从葬坑K8出土的马具上刻有纪年文字“五十九年”[4]，该纪年只有东周末代天子周赧王使用过，时为秦昭襄王五十一年（公元前256年）。这意味着神禾原大墓营建时代上限不早于周赧王五十九年，即不早于公元前256年。
Horse trappings from the tomb's accompanying pit K8 bear the inscribed date "fifty-ninth year" [4]2. This year-count was used only by King Nan of Zhou, the last Son of Heaven of Eastern Zhou, and corresponds to the fifty-first year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (256 BC). This means that the earliest possible date for the construction of the Shenheyuan great tomb is the fifty-ninth year of King Nan of Zhou, that is, no earlier than 256 BC.
战国晚期处于秦都咸阳附近杜县（今长安区沈家桥至杜城村一带）东南的“亚”字形大墓，应是秦国高等级的贵族墓葬。这一时期去世的秦王、后、太子类高等级贵族，葬地多在咸阳或芷阳陵区[6]。而葬地与杜有关的秦的高等级贵族，只有战国晚期的秦始皇的祖母—夏太后[7]。
A 亚-shaped great tomb of the late Warring States south-east of Du County (the area from Shenjiaqiao to Duchengcun in modern Chang'an District), near the Qin capital Xianyang, must be the burial of a high-ranking Qin noble. The kings of Qin, Queens, Heirs Apparent and other high-ranking nobles who died in this period were mostly buried in the Xianyang or Zhiyang mausoleum areas [6]. The only high-ranking Qin noble whose burial place is connected with Du is Queen Dowager Xia of the late Warring States, the grandmother of the First Emperor of Qin [7].
夏太后是秦孝文王的如夫人，称夏姬，为庄襄王母亲，秦始皇的祖母。庄襄王元年（公元前249年）被尊为夏太后[8]。“始皇七年，庄襄王母夏太后薨。孝文王后曰华阳太后，与孝文王会葬寿陵。夏太后子庄襄王葬芷阳，故夏太后独别葬杜东。”
Queen Dowager Xia was a secondary consort of King Xiaowen of Qin, styled Lady Xia 夏姬; she was the mother of King Zhuangxiang and the grandmother of the First Emperor of Qin. In the first year of King Zhuangxiang (249 BC) she was honoured as Queen Dowager Xia [8]. "In the seventh year of the First Emperor, Queen Dowager Xia, the mother of King Zhuangxiang, died. King Xiaowen's Queen, called Queen Dowager Huayang, was buried together with King Xiaowen at Shouling. Queen Dowager Xia's son King Zhuangxiang was buried at Zhiyang, and so Queen Dowager Xia was buried by herself, apart, east of Du."3
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