无骨论点补充（以及辨析）一
Ivar the Boneless' commentary and analysis I
Shiji 史记 · 256 BC · 周赧王五十九年
Introduction
Ivar the Boneless' commentary on the year, with his analyses (辨析) and the texts he adduces: chapter 25 of the Zhanguo zonghengjia shu and a passage of the Han Feizi.
Text and Translation
- §1 史记（一：本纪）Shiji I: Basic Annals
- §2 史记（二：表）Shiji II: Tables
- §3 史记（三：世家）Shiji III: Hereditary Houses
- §4 史记（四：列传）Shiji IV: Biographies
- §5 史记（五：列传）Shiji V: Biographies
- §6 无骨论点补充（以及辨析）一Ivar the Boneless' commentary and analysis I
- §7 无骨论点补充（以及辨析）二Ivar the Boneless' commentary and analysis II
- §8 其他古籍（史類）Other ancient works (histories)
- §9 史記：補：八書Shiji, supplement: the Eight Treatises
Text: Chinese source
Text: English Translation
Annotations
[§6] 无骨论点补充（以及辨析）一
[§6] Ivar the Boneless' commentary and analysis I
燕孝王发兵攻打赵国昌城(《赵世家》误作“昌壮”，今据校勘更改），五月拔之。
King Xiao of Yan sent troops to attack Zhao's Changcheng (the Hereditary House of Zhao wrongly has 昌壮; emended here on the basis of collation) and took it in May.
辨析：《史記》宋刻本仍作昌壯，是否應改？待考。
Analysis: the Song printed edition of the Shiji still reads 昌壯. Should it be emended? Pending investigation.
無骨注:燕国约于此时夺占了赵国河间的一部分，所以后来能献出河间十城(事见《战国纵横家书》)
Ivar's note: Yan at about this time seized part of Zhao's Hejian, which is why it was later able to offer up the ten Fortresses of Hejian (see the Zhanguo zonghengjia shu).
辨析：原文附：二十五、李园谓辛梧章
Analysis: original text appended: chapter 25, Li Yuan speaks to Xin Wu.
秦使辛梧据粱（梁），合秦粱（梁）而攻楚。李园忧之。兵未出，谓辛梧：“以秦之强，有两端之劲，东面而伐楚。于臣也，楚不侍（待）伐割挚马免而西走，秦余（与）楚为上交，秦祸案环（还）中粱（梁）矣。将军必逐于粱（梁），恐诛于秦。将军不见井忌乎？
Qin sent Xin Wu to hold Liang1, to join Qin and Liang in an attack on Chu. Li Yuan was troubled by this. Before the troops had set out he said to Xin Wu: "With Qin's strength and the force of two arms, you face east and attack Chu. As your servant sees it, Chu will not wait to be attacked: it will cede land and bring gifts2 and hurry west, Qin and Chu will become the closest of allies, and Qin's blow will then fall back upon Liang. The General will surely be driven out of Liang, and I fear put to death by Qin. Has the General not seen the case of Jing Ji?
为秦据赵而攻燕，拔二城。燕使蔡鸟股符〓去壁，奸（间）赵入秦，以河间十城封秦相文信侯。
On Qin's behalf he held Zhao and attacked Yan, taking two Fortresses. Yan sent Cai Niao, who with a tally made his way out through the ramparts3, passed secretly through Zhao into Qin and offered the ten Fortresses of Hejian as a fief to the Chancellor of Qin, Marquis Wenxin4.
文信侯弗敢受，曰：‘我无功。’蔡鸟明日见，带长剑，举其末，视视（示）文信侯曰：‘君曰我无功，君无功，胡不解君之玺，以佩蒙敖（骜）、王〓也？秦王以君为贤，故加君二人之上。今燕献地。此非秦之地也。君弗受，不忠。’文信侯敬若（诺）。言之秦王，秦王令受之。余（与）燕为上交，秦祸案环（还）归于赵矣。秦大举兵东面而赍赵，言毋攻燕。以秦之强，有燕之怒，割勺（赵）必深。赵不能听，逐井忌，诛于秦。今臣窃为将军私计，不如少案（按）之，毋庸出兵，秦未得志于楚，必重粱（梁），粱（梁）未得志于楚，必重秦，是将军两重。天下人无不死者，久者寿。愿将军之察之也。粱（梁）兵未出，楚见粱（梁）之未出兵也，走秦必缓。秦王怒于楚之缓也，怨必深。是将军有（又）重矣。”粱（梁）兵果六月乃出。
Marquis Wenxin did not dare accept, saying: 'I have no merit.' The next day Cai Niao came to see him wearing a long sword, raised its point and showed it to Marquis Wenxin, saying: 'You say "I have no merit". If you have no merit, why not untie your seal and hang it on Meng Ao or Wang 〓5? The King of Qin holds you worthy, and so has set you above those two. Now Yan offers land; this is not Qin's land. If you do not accept it, you are disloyal.' Marquis Wenxin respectfully agreed. He spoke of it to the King of Qin, and the King of Qin ordered him to accept. Qin became Yan's closest ally, and Qin's blow then turned back upon Zhao. Qin raised a great army, faced east and bore down on Zhao6, declaring that Yan was not to be attacked. With Qin's strength and Yan's anger, the cutting of Zhao was bound to go deep. Zhao could not bear it; it drove out Jing Ji, and he was put to death by Qin. Now, if your servant may privately plan for the General: better to hold back a little and not send out the troops. So long as Qin has not had its way with Chu, it must value Liang; so long as Liang has not had its way with Chu, it must value Qin — thus the General is valued on both sides. No man under Heaven escapes death; he who lasts long lives long. I wish the General to consider it. While Liang's troops have not set out, Chu, seeing that Liang has not sent out its troops, will be slow to hurry to Qin. The King of Qin, angered at Chu's slowness, will resent it deeply; and so the General is valued still more." Liang's troops did indeed set out only after six months.
卫怀君采取连横之策，背叛魏国。
Lord Huai of Wey adopted the policy of the Horizontal Alliance and turned against Wei.
辨析：此條來源《韓非子·五蠹》：故周去秦为从，期年而举；卫离魏为衡，半岁而亡。是周灭于从，卫亡于衡也。使周、卫缓其从衡之计，而严其境内之治，明其法禁，必其赏罚，尽其地力以多其积，致其民死以坚其城守，天下得其地则其利少，攻其国则其伤大，万乘之国莫敢自顿于坚城之下，而使强敌裁其弊也，此必不亡之术也。舍必不亡之术而道必灭之事，治国者之过也。智困于内而政乱于外，则亡不可振也。
Analysis: this entry derives from Han Feizi, "The Five Vermin": Thus Zhou left Qin for the Vertical Alliance, and within a year was taken; Wey left Wei for the Horizontal, and within half a year perished. So Zhou was destroyed by the Vertical, and Wey perished by the Horizontal. Had Zhou and Wey put off their schemes of Vertical and Horizontal and tightened their governance within their borders, made their laws and prohibitions clear, made their rewards and punishments certain, used the strength of their land to the full to multiply their stores, and brought their people to die for them so as to make their Fortress defences firm, then all under Heaven would have gained little by taking their land and suffered much by attacking their state; no state of ten thousand chariots would have dared wear itself out beneath their firm Fortresses and let a strong enemy cut it down in its weakness. This is the art of certainly not perishing. To abandon the art of certainly not perishing and take the road of certain destruction is the fault of those who govern a state. When wisdom is baffled within and government disordered without, perishing cannot be averted.
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