Regnum Sinense

史记(三:世家)

Shiji III: Hereditary Houses

Shiji 史记 · 256 BC · 周赧王五十九年


Introduction

The entries of the Hereditary Houses for this year: the houses of Chu, Zhao and Han, each under its own count of years.


Text and Translation

Text: Chinese source

Text: English Translation

Annotations

[§3] 史记(三:世家)

[§3] Shiji III: Hereditary Houses

楚世家:六年,秦围邯郸,赵告急楚,楚遣将军景阳救赵。七年,至新中。秦兵去。

Hereditary House of Chu: In the sixth year1, Qin besieged Handan; Zhao sent word of its peril to Chu, and Chu sent General Jing Yang to the relief of Zhao. In the seventh year, he reached Xinzhong. The Qin troops departed.

赵世家:十年,燕攻昌壮,五月拔之。赵将乐乘、庆舍攻秦信梁军,破之。太子死。而秦攻西周,拔之。徒父祺出。

Hereditary House of Zhao: In the tenth year2, Yan attacked Changzhuang and took it in May. The Zhao generals Yue Cheng and Qing She attacked the Qin army under Xinliang and routed it. The Heir Apparent died3. And Qin attacked Western Zhou and took it. Tufu Qi went out4.

韩世家:十七年,秦拔我阳城、负黍。

Hereditary House of Han: In the seventeenth year5, Qin took our Yangcheng and Fushu.

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Terms

General / 将军n. commander of an army; used as a title before the name.
go to the relief of / 救v. to march to the aid of a state or place under attack.
Heir Apparent / 太子n. the designated successor of a king.

Persons

Jing Yang 景阳Chu general.
Yue Cheng 乐乘Zhao general.
Qing She 庆舍Zhao general.
Xinliang 信梁A Qin general (Suoyin); the Zhengyi takes 信梁 to be the title of Wang He 王龁. Xu Guang notes that the Table has 新中军, the army at Xinzhong.
Tufu Qi 徒父祺A Zhao grandee (大夫), personal name Qi (Suoyin).

Places

Qin 秦the state of Qin, with its capital at Xianyang, Shaanxi.
Handan 邯郸the capital of Zhao; modern Handan, Hebei.
Zhao 赵the state of Zhao, with its capital at Handan, Hebei; one of the three states formed from Jin.
Chu 楚the state of Chu, with its seat at Chen (modern Huaiyang, Henan).
Xinzhong 新中Ningxinzhong 宁新中, a town on the Wei–Zhao border; modern Anyang, Henan.
Yan 燕the state of Yan, with its capital at Ji (modern Beijing).
Changzhuang 昌壮a Zhao town. Xu Guang records a reading 昌社; the Zhengyi takes 壮 as an error for 城 and places Changcheng north-west of Xindu County in Jizhou, modern Jizhou, Hebei.
Western Zhou 西周the Western Zhou domain, the western of the two fiefs into which the Zhou royal house was divided, centred on Wangcheng at modern Luoyang, where King Nan resided.
Yangcheng 阳城a Han town south-east of Luoyang, at modern Gaocheng, Dengfeng, Henan.
Fushu 负黍a Han town near Yangcheng, south-west of modern Dengfeng, Henan.

Notes

1 sixth yearThe sixth and seventh years of King Kaolie of Chu, 257 and 256 BC; the entry is given from the sixth year because the relief that ends in this year begins there.
2 tenth yearThe tenth year of King Xiaocheng of Zhao, 256 BC.
3 The Heir Apparent diedThe Heir Apparent of Zhao, whose name the history does not record (Suoyin). Xu Guang, noting that King Nan of Zhou died this year, asks whether 太子 may stand for 天子, the Son of Heaven.
4 went out出: the Zhengyi takes this as leading troops out beyond the border — Zhao, seeing Qin take Western Zhou, sent Tufu Qi out with an army.
5 seventeenth yearThe seventeenth year of King Huanhui of Han, 256 BC.